EXAMPLE "KATAKANA"

Example about Katakana reading!

The most commonly occuring vowel correspondences are as follows.
Japanese corresponds to the English
vowel or diphthong of:

i 'sit' (or 'seat')
ii 'seed'
u 'look' (or 'Luke')
uu 'mood'
e 'let' (or 'late')
ee or ei 'laid'
o 'cot' (or 'coat')
oo 'mode' or 'Maud'
ou 'mode'
oi 'boy'
a 'pat' or 'pad' or 'putt'
aa 'ma'
ai 'my'
au or ao 'cow'


In spite of all the adjustments required, katakana representing loanwords based on English borrowings will, in most instances, be immediately identifiable to speakers of English as to its origin. In some cases, however, identification is difficult, particularly for a student with only limited experience in reading such items. When problems are encountered, the following procedures (the procedures covered here apply to the examples introduced in this lesson) are often helpful in providing clues that will make recognition possible.

1. Write out the unidentified item in romanization.

2. Are there any short u vowels following consonants? Try eliminating them.
Examples:
misu *
'miss'

hosutesu
*'hostess'

3. Are there any r's? Check them out for representation of English 'l' as well as 'r'.

Examples:
arisu
'Alice'

hoteru
'hotel'

arasuka
'Alaska'

sukuuru
'school'

rookaru
'local'

terii
'Terry' or 'Telly'

rarii
'Larry' or 'rally'


4. Are there any s's? Check them out for representation of English 'th' (as in 'thin') as well as 's'.

Examples:
sumisu
'Smith'

ruusu
'ruse' or 'loose' or 'Ruth'


And are there any Japanese si syllables? Check the consonant out for representation of English 'sh' as well as 's'.

Examples:
takusii
'taxi'

siria
'Syria'

rosia
'Russia'


5. Are there any occurrences of aa ? Check them out for representation of English vowel + 'r' of 'far' or 'fir' (note the variety of English spellings that represent these sounds, in words such as 'bar', 'her', 'sir', 'fur', 'purr', 'hard', 'herd', 'bird', 'word', 'urban', 'lighter', 'color') as well as of long 'a'.

Examples:
misutaa
'mister'

raitaa
'lighter'

miraa
'Miller'

tawaa
'tower'

kuraaku
'Clark' or 'clerk'

kaaru
'Karl'

karaa
'color'

mootaasukuutaa
'motorscooter'

Additional procedures will be furnished in subsequent lessons. However, the student must always bear in mind that the Japanese word-borrowing system is not completely regular: it is usually possible to predict exactly how an English item will be borrowed into Japanese, but there are exceptions. Fortunately, even the exceptions usually contain enough evidence of regularity to make possible the identification of the English source, given the Japanese, and this is sufficient for reading.

PROCEDURE & HOW TO READ JAPANESE WRITTEN!

PROCEDURE

Japanese is normally written with a mixture of two syllabaries (kana) and Chinese characters (kanji) . In kana writing, symbols represent syllables without reference to meaning, whereas kanji regularly stand for sound plus meaning. More will be said about both systems later.

The first eight lesson of this web site introduce kana. Students should go through these lessons, concentrating first on the reading and then the writing of each new symbol and the examples provided. They should practice until all the Japanese material included (1) can be read in random order, accurately, rapidly, and without any hesitation, and (2) can be written accurately and rapidly, given either oral dictation of the Japanese, or the romanized equivalent of the Japanese.

For the Kanji Reading Lessons, each of which introduces twenty-five new Chinese characters (kanji), the following procedures are suggested:
Step-1 Kanji: Note the shape of each new character, its pronunciation(s) (which may or may not occur as independant words), approximate English equivalent(s), and examples of usage in compounds. Pay careful attention to the significance of any special symbols that occur in this section. Proceed immediately to the examples of usage in miscellaneous phrases and short sentences. These examples use a variety of politness and formality styles in order to provide maximally varied contexts) which occur below each character. Practice reading these, both aloud and silently, concentrating on comprehending as you read.
Step-2 Kanji: Practice writing the new symbols.
Step-3 Kanji: Repeat Step 1 until reading is smooth and fluent. Vary the order of reading the examples.
Step-4 Kanji: Review writing, using as the stimulus either oral Japanese dictation or written English equivalents of the phrases and short sentences that follow each new Kanji.
Step-5 Kanji: Reading Drills: Practice reading the drills both aloud and silently until you can read them fluently. Vary the order. Concentrate on understanding as you read. If you are unsure of any grammatical pattern that occurs, search Jôyô 96 for an explanation.

Variation Drills
include a variety of sequences that exemplify a similiar underlying pattern.
Response Drills
include a set of sentences followed by formalized responses which exhibit a similiar pattern. (These are not necessarily conversational sequences.)
Transformation Drills
include a set of stimulus sentences followed by the sentences that result from the operation of one particular transformation. (For example, all stimulus sentences might be transformed to the negative.)
Combination Drills
include pairs of independant sentences which are combined into single complex sentences, all of which have a similiar underlying pattern.

Step-6 Supplementary Question Drill and Exercises: Practice reading and answering orally the question drill and/or exercises immediately following the reading drills. Those students who wish to develop a writing skill should repeat the drill, writing the answers.
Step-7 Contextual Reading: Each lesson, beginning with Kanji Reading Lesson 1, has a contextual reading section. The buildups for kanji reading practice at the beginning of this section should be practiced both silently and aloud until reading is smooth and fluent. Concentrate on comprehending as you read. Review the initial introduction section on any kanji that was not immediately recognized.
Step-8 Reading Selection: Read the selection aloud, phrasing according to the units into which the material is divided. Try to comprehend each unit as it occurs. Read rapidly through the selection once only.
Step-9 Notes on the Reading Selection: Read the notes.
Step-10 Reading Selection: Repeat Step 8 as many times as necessary, until reading is fluent and comprehension complete.
Step-11 Questions on the Reading Selection: Answer these questions orally and/or in writing, insofar as possible without referring back to the reading selection.
Step-12 Supplement: Read the supplement and complete any exercise that is included, according to directions.
Step-13 Review: Before proceeding to the next lesson, review the previous lesson by rereading the reading selection and writing in Japanese orthography all romanized Japanese included in the Notes on Reading Selection.

A final note: there is absolutely no necessity to use valuable class time for all the steps described above. Class hours are more profitably spent spot-checking the students' reading capability, discussing the reading material orally, and answering question drills orally. Most of the steps outlined above should be followed by students outside of class.

Those who conscientiously work through this text, following all recommended procedures and moving ahead to a new lesson only after the previous lesson is adequately internalized, can expect to acquire a solid basic foundation in Japanese reading. They will be thoroughly familiar with all the kanji that have been introduced, through recurring contact in assorted contexts, and they will be ready to move ahead into materials that add to their kanji repertoire.
INTRODUCTION

The first four lessons introduce katakana, the syllabary used primarily for writing loanwords (i.e., words borrowed from foreign languages). Katakana is also used to represent native Japanese items that are intended to stand out in the context in which they occur. The use ofkatakana in Japanese often corresponds to the use of italics in English: katakana occurs frequently in advertisements; it is also used in writing items that represent something strange or unusual from a linguistic point of view (for example, in quoting foreigners' errors in Japanese); and it is often used in writing onomatopoeic words-i.e., those that are supposed to represent their meaning by their sound (example: gatagata representing a rattling sound). In addition, katakana is used in writing telegrams and, together with kañzi, in writing legal documents.

While most current linguistic borrowings by the Japanese is from English, there are many loanwords derived from other languages. For example, among place names, Suisu 'Switzerland', Itaria 'Italy', and Doitu 'Germany', all have non-English origins. The emphasis in the lessons that follow, however, will be on the reading of Katakana as it is used to represent loanwords of English origin. In particular, foreign place names and personal names (as in the meesi, or business cards of foreigners who do business in Japan) will be used as examples in the introduction of each new katakana symbol. The writing of kana should, of course, also be mastered. After learning to read a symbol, students should practice writing, working back from the romanization of the examples to the original kana.
NOTES

When the Japanese borrow English words and phrases, these loanwords are pronounced in a way that approximates the original pronunciation but conforms to the sound system of Japanese. This entails many adjustments, since the sound systems of Japanese and English bear little resemblance to each other. For example, because the sound system of English is more complex, one Japanese sound often represents several sounds in English: Japanese b may represent English 'b' or 'v'; Japanese oo may represent the vowel or dipthong of English 'stalk' or 'stoke'; Japanese si may represent English 'she' or 'see', and so on.

A further problem is the fact that while most borrowings are based on pronunciation, there are often a variety of pronunciations for any given item in English, and some borrowings are derived from the original English spellings. For example, Japanese aruminyuumu comes from British English 'aluminium'; and English 'margarine' occurs in Japanese as maagariñ (ma-a-ga-ri-ñ) conforming to its spelling rather than its pronunciation in English.

In loanwords, Japanese consonants as represented by romanization generally correspond to the English consonants represented by the same letters in the writing system, although the actual sounds the letters represent in the two languages are far from identical. Thus, r in Japanese is used to represent the markedly different initial consonant of English 'road'. However, there will also be many divergences from this kind of correspondence, partly because of the vagaries of English spelling. For example, the 'c' of 'cent' is represented in Japanese as s, while the 'c' as well as the 'k' of cake are represented by k. Other divergences, that result from the phonological structure of Japanese, will be discussed below.

BEGINNER LESSON (INTRODUCTION)

Beginner Lesson

Beginner Lesson #1 - Self Introduction


Beginner Lesson #2 - Kazunori Self Introduction


Beginner Lesson #3 - Talking About Others


Beginner Lesson #4 - Me Too! And Asking Questions


Beginner Lesson #5 - Who are You?

Japanese Bad Words!

Japanese Bad Words!

Don't be stupid!
*Fuzakenaideyo!
Components: fuzake (fuzakeru), nai (arimasen), & deyo (slang suffix)


It's risky / Oh! no!
*Yabai!


What a pity!
*Kawaisö!


Too bad
*Okinodoku.
*Hidoi-ne.
*Hidoi-na.

[The above three can express either sympathy or sarcasm, depending on the tone of your voice.]


Calm down!
*Ochitsuite!
*Asenna-yo!


Do you understand? - Wakarimasu-ka?


I understand. All right.
*Wakatta.
*Wakaru.


I don't understand.
*Wakaranai.


Hunh? What?
*Ge-ge?


That's a good question. Well, how can I put it?
*So dana.


I know.
*Wakatteru.
*Shitteru.

[Wakatteru is for actions, meaning "Even if you hadn't mentioned it, I knew that" or "Okay, I'll do it. Stop nagging." Shitteru can be used for nouns & actions, such as "I know (her)" or "I know (how to get there)."]


I don't know.
*Shiranai.


Stop your babbling!
*Gatagata itten-ja nëyo!


Stop complaining! Quit yer bitchin'!
*Butsu butsu iwanai-de!
*Butsu butsu iu-na!
*Monku bakkari iu-nayo!


Never mind.
*Ki-ni shinai-de.
*Ki-ni sunna-yo.


Wizzer. Cool.
*Shibui.
*Kakkoii.

[Kakkoii is said especially about boys and cars.]


Not-so-wizzer. Uncool.
*Dasai.


Awesome.
*Sugoi.
*Sugë.
*Hampa-ja nai.


Ugly. [as adjective -- see below for more]
*Kakko warui.
*Dasai.


What do you want ?
*Nani-yo?!
*Nanda-yo!
*Nanka monku aru-no-ka?

[Three basic, all-around good phrases to use when someone really slots you off. These phrases usually command respect, or at least allow you to establish yourself.]


Do you want to say something ?!
*Nanka yö?!

[Japanese are infamous for staring. To have them return to their own affairs, a simple Nanda-yo?! or Nanka yö?! works well. But then again, the Japanese are also known for their persistence, too. If these two fail, simply tell them any of the following:]


Don't look at me!
*Kochi minai-deyo!
*Kochi miruna-yo!
*Miten-ja nëyo!


Don't stare at me!
*Jiro jiro minai-deyo!
*Jiro jiro miruna-yo!
*Gan tobashiten-ja nëyo!


What did you say?
*Nante itta-noyo?
*Nante ittan-dayo?


Who do you think you're talking to?
*Dare-ni mukatte mono itten-dayo?


Why do you talk like that?!
*Nande sonna-koto iu-noyo?!
*Nande sonna-koto iun-dayo?!

[If you are positive a Japanese person is talking derogatorily about you, these last two phrases are good to use. But be careful, sometimes they are complimenting you.]


You're stupid!
*Baka!
*Tako!
*Baka-yarö!


You look stupid!
*Baka-mitai!


That's stupid!
*Baka-mitau!
*Baka-jan!

[-jan is a colloquial suffix coined in Yokohama. It is used with a variety of words.]


What you did was stupid!
*Baka-da!


You're crazy!
*Kichigai!


Don't act stupid!
*Baka yamete-yo!
*Baka yamero-yo!
*Baka yamena-yo!
*Baka yatten-ja nëyo!
*Fuzakenai-deyo!
*Fuzakeruna-yo!
*Fuzaken-ja nëyo!

[Any of these last seven phrases can be used when someone slots you off. They translate as "Don't joke around with me!" or "Don't think I'm lower than you!" Phrases beginning with Baka can also be voiced with concern for a friend's irrational behavior. Compare with Namenna-yo! ("Don't frag with me!"), below.]


Don't say stupid things!
*Baka iwanai-deyo!
*Baka ittenna-yo!
*Netenna-yo!

[Netenna-yo! translates as, "Wake up!"]


Liar!
*Uso!
*Usotsuki!


No way!
*Yada!


Really?
*Honto?


You've got a big mouth!
*Oshaberi!


Get your head out of your hoop!
*Neboken-ja nëyo!

[Literally means, "Aren't you half-asleep?" (...because of what you did/are doing) Depending on your tone of voice, this phrase can be either funny or very harsh.]


That's a lie!
*Sonna-no uso-yo!
*Sonna-no uso-dayo!
*Uso bakkari!
*Fukashi-jan!


Forget it! (I've had enough!)
*Mö ii-yo!


Bulldrek!
*Yoku iu-yo!

[Literally means, "How dare you say that!"]


You shouldn't do that!
*Dame-yo!
*Dame-dayo!


Why did you do such a thing?
*Nande sonna-koto shita-no?


Do as I say!
*Itta-töri-ni shite!
*Itta-töri-ni shiro-yo!


Stop it!
*Yamete-yo!
*Yamero-yo!
*Shitsukoi!

[Use shitsukoi when someone is being overly persistent.]


Leave me alone!
*Hottoite-yo!
*Hottoite-kure-yo!


Leave us alone!
*Watashitachi-dake-ni shite-yo!
*Bokutachi-dake-ni shite-kure-yo!


Leave him/her alone!
*Hottoke-ba!
*Hottoke-yo!


Stop bothering me!
*Jama shinai-deyo!
*Jama shinai-dekure!


Take your hand(s) off!
*Te-o dokete-yo!


Don't touch me!
*Sawannai-de!


Get out of here! Get lost! Go away!
*Mukö-ni itte-yo!
*Achi itte-yo!
*Achi ike-yo!
*Dokka ichimë-yo!


You'd better scram (like, yesterday)!
*Ototoi koi!


Get the frag out of here!
*Tottoto dete ike!


Come here!
*Chotto kochi kite!
*Kochi oide-yo!
*Kochi koi-yo!


You're noisy!
*Urusai-wane!
*Urusë-na!
*Urusë-yo!
*Urusën-dayo!


You're boring!
*Anata tsumannai!
*Kimi tsumannë!


Shut up!
*Damatte-yo!
*Damare-yo!
*Kuchi ni chakku!


Be quiet!
*Shizuka-ni shite-yo!
*Shizuka-ni shiro-yo!

[If in a simsense theater, tavern, etc., first you should say shizuka-ni shite kudasai. If there are no results, shizuka-ni shite-yo! or shizuka-ni shiro-yo! should do the trick. Still no progress? Throw in a couple of urusën-dayo!'s. Both "Be quiet!" phrases can be used playfully between friends.]


Stupid Asshole!
*Baka ka!


You hoop-hole! You Asshole!
*Kono kuso-ttare!
*Yaro-u!
*Kono yaro!

[Kono kuso-ttare is literally, "you have drek around your hoop-hole!"]


Bimbo!
*Kyapi kyapi gyaru!

[This is a Japanese pronounciation of the English phrase, "happy happy girl."]


You're easy! Loose woman!
*Iero kyabu!
*Koshu benjo!
*Charai!


You slitch! You bitch!
*Kono ama!


You whore!
*Yariman!
*Kono baita!

[Yariman means a girl who will go to bed with anyone.]


You slit! You slut!
*Kono joro!


Home boy! Hick!
*Kono imo!

[Literally means, "you potato!" from the fact that potatoes are grown in the country. Therefore, imo nä-chan & imo në-chan are "potato boy" & "potato girl" meaning they are unfashionable, or that their talk is not-so-wiz.]


Outcast. Lower-class (-caste).
*Burakumin.
*Eta.

[Still a taboo word today, even though a sizeable group of Seattle "garbage-scanavgers/information-traders" have taken to calling themselves, the Burakumin. Both this word and Eta (which is simply another way of saying it) are likely to make liberal-minded Japanese listeners squirm.]


Playgirl!
*Otoko-tarashi!
*Roppongi gyaru.
*Ko gyaru.


Playboy!
*Onna-tarashi!
*Hyaku nin giri!

[Onna-tarashi is a bad word to say to boys. Compair with hyaku nin giri, which literally means "man of 100 conquests."]


Shorty!
*Chibi!
*Gaki!

[Both of these are the now-common slur-words for dwarvenfolk.]


Short legs!
*Tansoku!

[Ditto.]


Weakling!
*Yowa-mushi!

Impotent! Wimp!
*Inpo!

You ain't got cojones!
*Konjö nashi!

[Means you are lacking in the brave department.]


You're ugly!
*Busu! (ugly girl)
*Geso! (ugly boy)

[These are the now-common slur-words for orcs & trolls. Busu! is THE worst word to say to a girl.]


You pig!
*Buta!
*Debu!

[These words refer derogatorily to metahumans, in general. Both are also said to girls and obese boys. Another very bad word to say to a (human) girl.]


Fag! Effeminate! Lesbian!
*Okama! [general]
*Okama poku!
*Okama pokute!
*Okama kusai!
*Rezu kusai!
*Atashi-wa!
*Homo!
*Rezu!
*Itachi! [overly masculine girl]
*Tachiyaku! [the masculine "role"]
*Neko! [the feminine "role"]
*Okoge!
*Onabe!
*Onnagirai! [woman hater]
*Otokogirai! [man hater]

[Unfortunately, these are also the all-to-common Japanese slur-words for we elvenfolk.]


Tomboy!
*Otoko onna!
*Otemba!


Foreigner! (in general)
*Gaikokujin!
*Gaijin!
*I-jin!
*Jingai!

[Gaikokujin means, "person from outside the country." It is considered more polite way of saying "foreigner" (as opposed to i-jin, which literally means "alien.") Jingai is a play on gaijin with its syllables reversed, which sounds 'cool' & foreigners don't understand it.]


Half-breed!
*Hafu!
*Daburu!
*Ainoko!

[Originally used in pre-Awakened times to refer to a person of mixed Japanese/{whatever} birth, the term hafu has become yet another meta-human slur. This word's double meaning is now frequently aimed at Dwarves.]


White boy! Westerner! Caucasian!
*Haku-jin!
*Yankï!
*Ameko!
*Shiro!
*Kimpatsu!

[Yankï & shiro are Japanese slurs for white people. Ameko & yankï (which comes from "yankee") are reserved for Americans in general, while shiro & haku-jin are used for all caucasians. Kimpatsu means "blond hair."]


Blond-haired.
*Kimpatsu.


(Dumb) Blonde.
*Patsukin.


Red head. Carrot top.
*Akage.


Tea-colored hair. (Bleached or dyed.)
*Chapatsu.


Yellow-haired. Bleach-blond.
*Ki-irogami.


Wavy hair.
*Kusekke.

[More than just a tad obsessed with those who look diffrent, as you'll see below...]


Negroid!
*Koku-jin!
*Braza! ("Brother")
*Kurombo!
*Dojin!

[Dojin which literally means "earth person" is now used to refer to Dwarves and Orks.]


Aborigine.
*Ainu.


Arabic.
*Arabu-jin.


Brazilian (often meaning: of Japanese descent).
*Nikei burajiru-jin.


Chinese.
*Chugokujin.


Filipina (SE Asian or dark-skinned Japanese).
*Firipina.
*Japayuki.


Half-Korean/half-Japanese. [Very impolite.]
*Banchopari.


Indian. Vaguely south Asian-looking.
*Indo-jin.


Iranian.
*Iran-jin.


Israeli.
*Isuraeru-jin.


Italian.
*Itako.


Jewish.
*Yuday-jin.


(South) Korean. Korean-born Japanese.
*Kankoku-jin.


(North) Korean. [impolite]
*Chosen-jin.


Middle-Eastern. "Semi-caucasian."
*Inchiki gaijin. ("Phony Gaijin")


Osakan or western Japanese.
*Kansai-jin.


Pakistani.
*Paki.


Thai.
*Tai-jin.


Tokyoan Japanese.
*Edokko.

[Asian people tend to be viewed by nationality; those of European & African descent are judged by color.]


You're narrow minded!
*Ketsu-no ana-no chïsai-yarö!

[Literally means, "your hoop-hole is small!"]


Don't be so cocky!
*Namaiki iun-ja naiyo!


You're a dirtbag!
*Kitanai!


Don't frag with me!
*Namenna-yo!
*Namen-ja nëyo!
*Nametenna-yo!
*Zakennayo!

[Literally means "don't lick me!" A not-so-literal translation is "don't joke around with me!" or "don't think I'm lower than you!" -- if someone says nanda-yo? ("What do you want?!") to you, just say one of the above and walk away (the winner).]


None of your fraggin' business!
*Temë no shitta koto ka!


Frag off! (Get away!)
*Mukö itte-yo!
*Dokka itte-yo!
*Dokka ike-yo!
*Hayaku inakunare-yo!
*Hayaku kiena!
*Urochoro shittenna!
*Totto-to usero!
*Zakennayo!


Frag you! Go to hell!
*Kutabare!
*Shinjimae!


You lookin' for a fight?
*Kenka uten noka?


You want to feel some real pain?!
*Itaime-ni?!


Let's finish this now!
*Kerio tsuke-yöze!


I'm going to kick your hoop!
*Bukkoroshite yaru!

[Literally means "I'm going to hit you till you die!" This is a harsh phrase, expect to throw a few punches after saying this one.]


You dog!!
*Temë kono-yarö!!

[Serious fighting words! Usually said before or while the right hook is connecting!]


You drekky little devil!
*Kuso gaki!


You creep!
*Kono aitsu!

[Aitsu, meaning "that creep," can be friendly or not, depending on the circumstances.]


You little rat! (Check this geek out!)
*Nani koitsu!

[Said about anyone doing anything, but usually not to their face.]


Who do you think you are?
*Nani-yo anta?!
*Nani-temë?!


Who the frag do you think you are?
*Nan-dayo omae-wa?!


Who the frag are you?!
*Omae wa dare da?!


Damn it!
*Chikusho!

[Usually said to yourself.]


Pee. Take a leak.
*Shonben.
*Oshikko.
*Shishi.
*Tachishon shiteru.
*Tachi shon.
*Man shon.


Take a dump.
*Unching style.
*Noguso.


Drek!
*Unko!
*Unchi!
*Kuso!

[All of these literally mean "feces", but kuso can be said to yourself, such as Americans say, "Drek!"]


Drek, we blew it!
*Cho-yabe!
*Yabaiyo!


Drek, I fragged up! Oh, drek!
*Ikkenai!
*Ikkene!

[Literally means, "it's not good!" Usually said to yourself.]


Lewd! Vulgar!
*Gehin!
*Sukebe!

[Often used derogatorily to describe metahumans.]


Sexual perversion. Abnormality.
*Hentai.
*Chikan.

[Another Japanese slur for metahumans. Placing kono in front of the above four words, will direct the attention to one person, such as Kono sukebe! ("You freak!") or Kono hentai! ("You pervert!")]


You're dirty minded!
*Etchi wa sotchi!


Squatter. Homeless.
*Furosha.
*Regei.


You're dirty! You're unclean!
*Kitanai-wane!
*Regee no ojisan! (literally, "Uncle Reggae")

[Yet another way of derogatorily referring to metahumans.]


Your "tool" is small!
*Tansho!
*Funya chin!

["Heh."]


Think about it!
*Kangaete-mite!
*Kangaeta-mina!

[While saying this, put your face closer to theirs and tap your temple quickly with your index finger.]

TYPES OF VERBS (PART 3)

Types Of Verbs (Part 3)

SHIMASU - do

benkyoo shimasu - study

jisshuu shimasu - undergo practical training

pingpong shimasu - play pingpong

shuuri shimasu - repair / fix

kekkon shimasu - get married

kenbutsu shimasu - go sightneeing

shuugoo shimasu - gather

kengaku shimasu - visit to observe

kaimono shimasu - go shopping

sanpo shimasu - take a walk

sentaku shimasu - wash clothes

sooji shimasu - clean

bunkai shimasu - take part

koshoo shimasu - break down

soosa shimasu - operate machine

choosetsu shimasu - adjust

yunyuu shimasu - import

yushutsu shimasu - export

shookai shimasu - introduce

shinpo shimasu - progress

shitsumon shimasu - ask a question

shokuji shimasu - have a meal

renshuu shimasu - practice

onegai shimasu - request

shinpai shimasu - worry

setsumei shimasu - explain

kimasu - come

TYPES OF VERBS (PART 2)

Types Of Verbs

nemasu - sleep

tabemasu - eat

agemasu - give

kakemasu - make a phone call

kaemasu - change

demasu - leave

misemasu - show

oshiemasu - teach

oboemasu - remember / memorize

atsumemasu - collect / gather

naremasu - get used to / accustom

sutemasu - throw away

tsukaremasu - get tired

tomemasu - stop

ki o tsukemasu - be careful

akemasu - open

shimemasu - close

iremasu - insert

tsukemasu - turn on

shirabemasu - check / investigate

kumitatemasu - assemble

katazukemasu - tidy up

dokemasu / nokemasu - remove

tsuzukemasu - continue

yamemasu - stop (an action) resign

kangaemasu - think

wasuremasu - forget

umaremasu - be born

hajimemasu - start

ochimasu - fall

mimasu - see

abimasu - take a bath or shower

dekimasu - can / be able

okimasu - wake up

imasu - there is / be

karimasu - borrow

orimasu - get off

kimasu - wear (clothes)

...to be continue...

TYPES OF VERBS (PART 1)

Types of Verbs (Part 1)

kakimasu - write

kikimasu - listen

hatarakimasu - work

ikimasu - go

hikimasu - pull

isogimasu - hurry

nugimasu - take off clothes/shoes

nomimasu - drink

yasumimasu - take a rest

yomimasu - read

yobimasu - call

asobimasu - play

torimasu - get

kirimasu - cut

okurimasu - send

owarimasu - end

wakarimasu - understand

hairimasu - enter

kaerimasu - return

furimasu - fall (rain;snow)

sawarimasu - touch

magarimasu - turn

tachimasu - stand

machimasu - wait

suimasu - smoke

kaimasu - buy

aimasu - meet

iimasu - say

naraimasu - learn

moraimasu - receive

keshimasu - turn off

kashimasu - lend

hanashimasu - speak

...to be continue... ^__^

"USEFUL Phrases & Greetings"

LESSON 3 "USEFUL Phrases & Greetings"


Ohayoo gozaimasu - Good morning

Konnichiwa - Good afternoon

Konbanwa - Good evening

Oyasumi nasai - Good night

Hajimemashite - How do you do

Douzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu - I'm glad to meet you

Domo arigatou gozaimasu - Thank you very much

Dou itashimashite - You're welcome

Sumimasen - Excuse me / I'm sorry

Domo sumimasen - I am very sorry

Gomen nasai - I'm sorry

Gomen kudasai - Is there anybody home?

Shitsurei shimasu - Please excuse me

Ogenki desu ka - How are you?

RESPOND: Genki desu - I'm fine

Maa Maa - So so

Wakarimasu - I understand

Wakarimasen - I don't understand

Shirimasen - I don't know

Wakanai - I don't know

Shoushou omachi kudasai - Please wait for a moment

Chotto matte kudasai - Please wait for a moment

Douzo okake kudasai / Suwatte kudasai - Please have a seat

Suwarimashou - Let's eat

Dochira sama desu ka - May i have your name?

Onamae wa nanto osshaimasu ka - What is your name?

Onamae wa nandesu ka - What is your name?

Oshigoto wa nandesu ka - What is your job?

Sou desu ka - Is that so?

Dewa mata / Ja mata - See you again

Dame desu - It's no good / Wrong

Itadakimasu - I'll receive your treat, Thank you (Before you eat)

Gochisosama deshita - Thank you for the food (After you eat)

Osaki ni - I'll go ahead

Douzo osaki ni - Go ahead please

Otsukaresama deshita - You must be tired / Thank you for the hard work

Gokurousama deshita - Thank you for your hard work

Itte kimasu - I'm going now (If you are leaving the house)

RESPOND: Itte irrashai - Have a nice day

Tadaima - I'm home

RESPOND: Okaerinasai - Welcome home

Mada desu - Not yet

Hai sou desu - Yes that's right

Iie chigaimasu - No it isn't

Onegaishimasu - Please do me a favor

Nandeshou ka? What is it?

Ikaga desu ka? How is it?

Dou desu ka? How is it?

Dou deshita ka? How was it?

Doko desu ka? Where is it?

Dochira desu ka - Where is it?

Doshite desu ka - why?

Itsu desu ka? When is it?

Ima nanji desu ka - What time is it now?

Omakase shimasu - I'll leave it up to you

Hisashiburi desu ne - Long time no see

Ojama itashimasu - Sorry for disturb you

Sayounara - Good Bye

Mata ashita - See you tomorrow

Irasshaimase - Welcome

Nihon / Nippon - Japan

FIRIPIN - Philippines

FIRIPIN e yokosou irasshaimahita - Welcome to the Philippines